Management Style At Marriott Hotel Commerce Essay

The executives Style At Marriott Hotel Commerce Essay Possibility the executives is the most pervasive of all administration ideas for the straightforward explanation that it gives the essential adaptability to create techniques which relate to every individual association. Receiving an adaptable administration style permits an association to be progressively versatile to changes in both the miniaturized scale (inside) and full scale (outside) conditions. Leicester Marriott has received a type of possibility the board which rotates around the human relations approach, whereby past examinations have indicated that specific factors are instrumental to representative fulfillment. Marriott gives colossal significance to its partners, as they eventually are the motivation behind why the brand has been effective for such huge numbers of years. Partner assessments are profoundly esteemed by individuals from the executives, so they are regularly required to go to meetings to generate new ideas where key issues are examined. Such inclusion should clear a path for improved profitability and proficiency, as having a contribution to the choices taken in ones office is crucial to bliss at work, which may likewise positively affect different parts of partner life. Individuals from the board realize that to amplify productivity, workers must be granted a degree of obligation inside the association, and in particular, be regarded and rewarded as basi c individuals from the association. The five-star Grand Hotel Excelsior (GHE) in Malta isn't possessed or run by any inn network, however is exclusive by a British family. It began activities roughly four years back, and has since ascended to get perhaps the best lodging on the island, upsetting any semblance of Hilton, Westin and Le Meridien which overwhelm the extravagance settlement Market in Malta. The Excelsior is associated with the Iprefer gathering, which offers bought in individuals various advantages, for example, unique limits and offers for Iprefer lodgings all through the world. At the Excelsior, divisions between upper administration and their subordinates are commonly observable, a characteristic which is suggestive of bureaucratic administration. Nonetheless, most extreme regard and appreciation is appeared to representatives when assignments are completed effectively, and the senior supervisor frequently focuses on the way that the inns achievement is owed to its workers. Not at all like Marriotts attempted and tried way to deal with the executives, the Excelsiors chiefs and supervisors needed to devise an administration style which fit the associations necessities. In doing as such, preparing has been given first concern and is completed by in-house authorities, just as by some of Maltas driving meeting organizations. Through close to home understanding, delicate administration is a lot of present inside the rooms division as chiefs know that receiving hard administration won't be valuable. The work of hard administration may make representatives dread their bosses, to the degree that non-attendance may increment, and representatives may look for openings for work somewhere else. Notwithstanding, this doesn't imply that chiefs ought not, when important, show authority. Errand 2 Using an association where you have worked assess the job and capacity of at any rate one chief. Look into the initiative style of your picked association with one of the pioneers for the situation study. At the Grand Hotel Excelsior, Front office workers are the first to collaborate with visitors, and should along these lines venture the lodgings picture of extravagance and polished methodology by being all around prepped, respectful, proficient, and neighborly. The lobbys exemplary dã ©cor and warm lighting guarantee that visitors feel welcome and loose, especially night-time of movement. Upon appearance, visitors are welcomed and helped by the doorman, and are then coordinated towards the front work area where they are offered a complimentary invite drink, after which the registration procedure starts. The front office administrator deals with all front of house tasks to guarantee that visitors are offered an Iprefer experience. The jobs and capacities relating to this position are immense and pivotal to the foundations achievement. The essential job of the front office administrator is to create and hold proficient associations with visitors and non-visitors, with the point of having them return over and over. Be that as it may, he knows that the best way to give a consistent visitor experience is to guarantee that his group is, most importantly, rewarded consciously. Front of house activities relating to the front office chief incorporate however are not restricted to; assessing the lodgings room accessibility status and uncommon visitor demands, settling visitor protests, looking into remark cards, partaking in the every day head of division (HOD) gatherings, helping his colleagues at the front work area when it gets occupied, and when essential, welcome VIP visitors and guarantee that their registration go as easily as could reasonably be expected. He exceptionally values his groups input and regularly sets up casual gatherings to examine any issues which they have confronted or are confronting, and requests proposals to moderate such issues to guarantee that the front office works as proficiently and adequately as could be expected under the circumstances. Execution the board and worker inspiration are firmly connected to administration. The front office chief adjusts positive authority to his administration style, which is urgent to guarantee that representatives embrace an uplifting demeanor towards work and are not inactive towards their obligations. Execution the executives and inspiration additionally guarantee that benefit gauges are reached, administrations are reliable, and the general condition is sure. At last, visitors anticipate an incentive for cash, and should accordingly be offered an encounter which meets, or all the more properly, surpasses their desires. Execution the executives at Leicester Marriott Partner execution is essential to any associations achievement. Expected partners at Leicester Marriott must experience a multi day acceptance before beginning work, to talk about key zones extending from a clarification of the companys organigram to incapacity segregation mindfulness. The methods embraced run from talks to broad media introductions as corporate movies. When the executives is happy with their presentation, they are broadly educated by their area of expertise administrators. The contextual analysis focuses on that the pace of advancement inside the organization is exclusively up to the individual, so they should figure out how to oversee themselves in like manner. This happens to be a key trait of the human relations approach. When a month a gathering is set up among partners and their directors to talk about and manage any issues before they lead to any decreases in consumer loyalty and different irregularities. By lessening staff turnover, the nature of the administrations rendered, the gainfulness acquired, and the capacity of staff to advance inside the association to higher positions will be much almost certain. In-house just as online projects are offered to workers who wish to improve their abilities and execution, while administrators are prepared at other Marriott foundations. This would permit supervisors to see how various foundations experience their every day business, and how albeit each Marriott lodging plans to give a quality encounter, every foundation has one of a kind highlights which make them appealing, for example, extraordinary dã ©cor, interesting amusement, or one of a kind individuals from staff, for example. Execution the board at the Grand Hotel Excelsior On the web and meeting based courses are offered for nothing out of pocket to individuals from staff on a month to month premise, whereby abilities, for example, social thankfulness and mindfulness, and various others can be upgraded. Preparing is continually offered to individuals from staff in-house, by inn representatives just as expert discussion organizations. The board accepts that it is pivotal for workers to get the most ideal preparing to have the option to give a consistent encounter to visitors and non-visitors. Acceptance preparing is commonly one day long for those selecting to work at front office, and this happens in a gathering room on the premises. Being such a relentless industry, most preparing happens at work. During the initial hardly any long stretches of work, representatives at front office must log down their advancement in an advancement record, and take any important notes. Any issues which are experienced ought to be managed promptly to maintain a strategic distance from pointless blunders later on. After the principal elements of broadly educating have been secured, workers must experience a test whereby the abilities got are analyzed. Inspiration at Leicester Marriott Marriott accepts that there are different methods for inspiration for staff other than getting a compensation toward the month's end. Workers should feel like they are esteemed for their commitments to the associations achievement. Staff is boosted through various plans, for example, limits and select offers while remaining at Marriott properties. They may then again pick to get vouchers for top of the line shops as opposed to utilizing their Marriott remain. Albeit different inspirations regularly eclipse working conditions, conditions at work may surely prompt de-inspiration. To stay away from this, the executives gives quality bottle administrations, simple access to uniform, broad taxi benefits, just as other fundamental variables. Different helpers come as group building works out, where representatives can become more acquainted with one another better and create more grounded proficient connections, just as departmental excursions, grills, dress gatherings, Oscar parties, worker of the month and exceptional individual honors services, just as gratefulness week. Inspiration at the Grand Hotel Excelsior Inspiration is a principal part of administration, as each one of the individuals who structure some portion of a group must be compensated here and there or another for their endeavors. Maslows chain of command of necessities has a fundamental impact in ones execution at work. It expresses that for an individual to carry on with a satisfying life there must be the essential establishments set up. The fulfillment of the fundamental

Online Shopping Acceptance Model OSAM Assignment

Web based Shopping Acceptance Model OSAM - Assignment Example The parts of OSAM are produced from OSA segments. The OSAM module is depicted as an element offering a gathering of administrations that can be accomplished from the foundation of administration development and administration arrangement (Dede et al., 1997). This model presents a simple strategy for getting complete data about the constituents oversaw naturally toward the start of the structure and can theoretically influence its capacity. Zhou et al. (2007) state in their examination that the information orientated perspective on the client endorsement of electronic shopping is presently anticipated and explained by watching specialized depictions, for example, substance and plan on the site, client limit highlights, and structure ease of use of an accessible store. Without the endorsement of the innovation, internet business would be constrained. The customers’ readiness to recognize the innovation directs the accomplishment of electronic advancement (Zhou et al., 2007). A f ew variables impact the customer acknowledgment of online buy like shopper demeanor, ecological elements, and accessibility of assets. The primary point of the OSAM model is to empower dealers showcase their items utilizing various modes like cell phones and web based life channels. Promotion can be made through cell phones and web based life systems. References Carlota, L., Efthymios, C., and Maria-del-Carmen, A. (2013). Online networking as Marketing Strategy: An Explorative Study on Adoption and Use by Retailers, in Miguel R. Olivas-Lujan, Tanya Bondarouk (ed.) Social Media in Strategic Management (Advanced Series in Management, Volume 11). New York: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Chen, S. J., and Chang, T. Z. (2003). A distinct model of web based shopping process: some experimental outcomes. Worldwide Journal of Service Industry Management, 58(6): 556-569. Close, A. (2012). Online Consumer Behavior: Theory and Research in Social Media, Advertising and E-tail. London: Routledg e. Dede, An., Arsenis, S., Tosti, A., Lucidi, F., Westerga, R. (1997). OSAM Component Model - A Key Concept for the Efficient Design of Future Telecommunication Systems. In IS&N, (67):127-136. Doherty, N., and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2010). ‘Internet retailing: the past, the present and the future.’ International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 38(11/12): 943â€965. Flick, K. (2009). Evaluating Consumer Acceptance of Online Shopping: Examining Factors Affecting Purchase Intentions. London: ProQuest. Howladar, M., H., H., and Mohiuddin, G. (2012) Developing Online Shopping Intention among People Bangladesh Perspective, Developing Country Studies, 2(9): 2225-0565. Lina, Z., Liwei, D., and Dongsong, Z. (2001). ‘Online shopping acknowledgment model †a basic study of shopper factors in online shopping.’ Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. 8: 41â€61. Mikalef, P. Giannakos, M., Michail, G., and Pateli , A. (2013). ‘Shopping and Word-of-Mouth Intentions on Social Media.’ Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 8(1):17-34. Monsuwe, T.P.Y., Dellaert, B.G.C. what's more, Ruyter, K.D. (2004). What drives purchasers to shop on the web? A writing audit. Worldwide Journal of Service Industry Management, 15 (1): 102-121. Olumayowa, S. M. (2012). Acknowledgment and Impact of Social Networks Marketing Using Extended Technology Acceptance Model unpublished

Care of Patient with Rigth Hip replacement surgery(postop to Essay

Care of Patient with Rigth Hip substitution surgery(postop to release) - Essay Example Assembly up relies upon the specialist and may begin on first day. Bed activities, for example, quadriceps compression and lower leg practices are empowered for improved flow. Routine chest physiotherapy1 is given to forestall chest entanglements. The techniques on the second day of activity incorporate strolling to the restroom with the assistance of a walker. The patient ought to be bit by bit ambulated to stroll with braces and trained unique moves to ease day by day exercises like climbing steps. Following hip activities, the catheter ought to stay in situ for two days and the patient is all around encouraged to utilize chamber pot for his end needs. These post employable techniques may confine your exercises, are fairly badly designed and may feel irksome. After medical procedure, Surgeons and attendants complete a few things to diminish the danger of blood clumps framing in the veins of the patients legs. On the off chance that they do frame, this can prompt expanded growing in the legs. On the off chance that the coagulations loosen up they may go to the patients' lungs and meddle with relaxing. To stay away from such confusions, before the medical procedure, the attendant will apply versatile stockings to help keep blood from pooling in the patients' legs. The careful group may put the patient on either anti-inflamatory medicine or Coumadin to thin blood to decrease the danger of clump development.

Europeans Dictatorship essays

Europeans Dictatorship expositions Diary passage *** HITLERS WILLING EXECUTORS Goldhagen develops his contention not on proofs however on hypotheses. Who questions that the Argentine or Chilean killers of who restricted the ongoing dictator systems believed that their casualties had the right amazing? (...) Why do we not accept the equivalent for the German culprits? (p. 14-15). There are a few models that show that Goldhagens method of placing realities in sentences, as opposed to the real verifications convince the peruser. He is portraying normal germans as potential willing mass executioners (p. 15), who HAD a decision whether to proceed with what THEY did or not. He disregards the reality, that just around 10 % of the Germans were really associated with the Holocaust, the gigantic butchering of the jews. Individuals who served the military were worried about their countries triumph instead of about slaughtering all the jews in Germany. It is consistent with some broaden, that the deeds of warriors in Poland, for instance, are not reasonable, similarly as i t is not really convincing, that russian officers killed several germans, who attempted to get away toward the west after the subsequent World War, did it since they had orders. There is an entire riddle regarding why individuals killed such a large number of individuals (jews, yet in addition gay people and basically every individual with non-german birthplace); how individuals who had the option and ready to give the gas access to the gas chambers during the day, could rest around evening time. It appears, in any case, as though Goldhagen (the name sounds jewish to me) would have moved toward the topic with the reasonable objective to sue all germans as a rule for the holocaust. The spouse of the SS-official, who needed to take care of 2 youngsters, just as the Christian who battled between keeping up christian ethics and obeying Hitlers dread. I accept, that Goldhagen goes approach to far with his announcement. I have composed a 60 ... <!

Environmental Compliance and Safety Research Paper

Natural Compliance and Safety - Research Paper Example This was prove by absence of coordination between the different organizations and organizations associated with oil boring activities during the fiasco. This paper looks at restorative instruments utilized to control the oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico and organizations associated with the activity. Likewise, the paper investigates the consistence guidelines abused during the activity. The oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico was activated by a blast in the British Petroleum (BP) worked Macondo well on April 20, 2010. The blast executed eleven crewmembers of the Deepwater Horizon penetrating apparatus and a few others endured different degrees of wounds (Ramseur, 2011). The victory crushed the penetrating stage and it sunk two days after the fact. Following the blast, oil spillage was found on the ocean bottom and it kept releasing unrefined petroleum until its regulation on July 15, 2010 (Uhlmann, 2011). As indicated by Ramseur and Hargety (2011), over 4.9 million barrels were released into the water during the period. In any case, the specific volume of unrefined petroleum released stays obscure. The oil release was voluminous to such an extent that it defiled the sea shores of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida (Ramseur, 2011). The oil slick caused critical ecological and financial harm to the district. Business exercises in the Gulf of Mexico particularly business angling and the travel industry were disturbed. Therefore, employments of numerous individuals relying upon these areas were antagonistically influenced. The effect on amphibian life was similarly lamentable, murdering various creatures and plants notwithstanding contaminating their living spaces. The specific ecological, financial and social impacts of the oil slick stay obscure exceptional. Be that as it may, the unfavorable natural impacts are required to keep being felt in the influenced area for a long time, as exhibited by the before Exxon Valdez oil release in 1989 (Uhlmann, 2011).

Navigating the 4 Stages of a Relationship

Navigating the 4 Stages of a Relationship Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Navigating the 4 Stages of a Relationship By Allison Abrams, LCSW-R facebook twitter linkedin Allison Abrams, LCSW-R, is a licensed psychotherapist, mental health advocate, and author covering relationships, mindfulness, and self-care. Learn about our editorial policy Allison Abrams, LCSW-R Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 13, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 11, 2019  shironosov/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Falling in love is easy. Relationships are hardâ€"despite what Hollywood tries to sell  us. Like anything else in life worth having, relationships take work. Some couples will successfully weather the storms that inevitably arise, while others will simply drift apart. When it comes to coupling, there is no instruction manual.  Remember that old playground mantra: First comes love, then comes marriage, then comes so and so and a baby carriage? If only it were that simple. Though many continue to follow this traditional trajectory, more and more are choosing otherwise. Fewer couples are getting married, some are having children before marriage, and some are choosing not to have children at all. Every relationship, like every individual, is unique. Regardless of the path one chooses when it comes to romantic relationshipsâ€"whether it’s down the aisle or across continentsâ€"the inherent stages of love and attachment essentially remain the same. How well couples navigate these stages is often the key to their relationship satisfaction. Based on the work of top neuroscientists and “experts in love,”  below are the four stages of a relationship??â€"from falling in love to living happily ever after (or for a while)â€"ways to successfully navigate them and, most importantly, how to keep the spark alive. 1. The Euphoric Stage This is your brain on love. For the past several decades, Helen Fisher, Ph.D., neuroscientist and Senior Research Fellow at the Kinsey Institute, and Lucy  Brown, Ph.D., Clinical Professor in Neurology at Einstein College of Medicine in New York, have been studying the brain activity of people in love, from the early to the later stages.?? Brown says: In the early part of a relationshipâ€"the falling in love stageâ€"the other person is the center of your life. You forgive everything in these early stages. The other person has faults, and you see them, but it doesn’t matter. Maybe they leave their dirty dishes in the sink, but they make you laugh at least daily, so it’s okay. Good things outweigh the negative here. One of the most significant findings in their brain mapping studies determined to be a key factor in relationship success involves what Brown refers to as the suspension of negative judgment. “In this early stage, many people show a decrease in activity in the prefrontal cortex, which is the part of the brain that has to do with the negative judgment of people.” The longer a couple can maintain suspension of negative judgment toward each other,  the better the chances of success. When they followed up with participants, they found that couples who had stayed together for three  years or more had the most decreased activity in this part of the brain. Perhaps something for all of us to keep in mind. How long does the romantic phase last? Studies, Brown says, have estimated this euphoric stage to last anywhere from six months to two years. Although a small portion of the populationâ€"approximately 15 to 30 percentâ€"say they are still in love and that it still feels like the first six months, even after 10 or 15 years later. According to Brown: We dont know why this is. I dont necessarily think its because they have found their soulmates. I think its the person. Some people have an easier time rekindling the earlier stages. Not to say the rest of us cant. But for the general population, the intoxication of new love will eventually morph into the next stageâ€"that of early attachment. 2. The Early Attachment Stage In the previous stage of euphoric love, unconscious factors like attraction and the activation of the reward system take over. In Fisher and Brown’s studies, the brain scans of couples in the early stages of love showed high levels of dopamine, the chemical that activates the reward system by triggering an intense rush of pleasure. According to the authors, this has the same effect on the brain as taking cocaine.?? In this next stage, however, the more evolved part of the brain begins to take over, including the  ventral pallidum, the region of the brain  linked with feelings of attachment, and the attachment hormones, vasopressin, and oxytocin, sometimes referred to as “the love hormone.” You know when you’ve reached the early attachment stage when, according to Brown, “You can sleep! You’re not thinking about [your partner] 24 hours a day. It’s easier to do other things in your life.” Couples who were married at least one year described love differently. “It’s richer, deeper, it’s knowing them better.” Says Brown. “Memories have been integratedâ€"both positive and negativeâ€"you’ve gone through some difficulties, and you’ve developed a strong attachment.” 3. The Crisis Stage This is the make or break point for most relationships. What happens at this stage is crucial to what comes next. Brown refers to this as the ‘seven-year or five-year itch.’ “Almost every relationship has a drift apart phase,” she says, “Either you will keep drifting, or you will come back together. You need a crisis to get through and to be able to talk about it togetherâ€"you’ve both grown and changed.” For some couples, having children could be the fork in the road that will either solidify the relationship or cause so much stress that the relationship falls apart. If a couple can overcome a crisis successfully, they will then move on to the next stage of deep attachment. The 6 Best Online Marriage Counseling Programs 4. The Deep Attachment Stage The deep attachment stage is the calm after the storm. You know each other better now. You’ve been through the inevitable ups and downs, and you know you can deal with crises. And you’ve made a plan about how to deal with them in the future. When describing this stage of relationships, the term that Brown reiterates is “calm.” “When couples have been together for many years,” she says, “it’s just very very calm. And it’s secure.” The deep attachment stage can last a long time. If you’re lucky, it can last a lifetime. Keeping It Going So how can we keep love going, even a little bit? According to researchers, one of the single most effective ways of keeping the spark alive is novelty. Studies that have followed couples for years have found that doing new, exciting, and challenging activities together have huge benefits for relationships.?? Dr. Art Aron, one of Fisher and Brown’s chief collaborators, and his wife, Dr. Elaine Aron developed the “Self Expansion Model”  that  offers insight into the early stages of love and partly explains why the first few months of a new relationship feels so intoxicating.?? “When you enter into a relationship, you literally increase who you are. You take on and share in your partner’s perspective on the world in addition to your own, their social status, their resources. The benefits of new and challenging experiences together are enormous. And they last. Suspension of judgment, rekindling of the early stages and maintaining novelty,  just maybe the keys to cracking the code of lasting love.

Alices Existential Adventures in Wonderland - Literature Essay Samples

Jennifer Geer’s article â€Å"`All sorts of pitfalls and surprises’: Competing Views of Idealized Girlhood in Lewis Carroll’s Alice Books,† discusses at length the implications of Lewis Carroll’s novel, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, on the development of the child. Through this article Geer stresses that Victorian fairy tales, and specifically Alice’s nonsensical journey through wonderland â€Å"foster the happy, loving childhood that will enable her development into a good woman and mother†(2). Though it is beyond a doubt, true, that Alice is a children’s story, the article also explains that in terms of Alice’s adult readers, the novel simply shares â€Å"innocent amusement†(2). A close reading of Alice, however, shows that the novel is much more than a simple children’s story; it can appeal to an adult audience as well. Alice’s continued futile attempts to find meaning in wonderland†™s meaningless world, her eventual encounter with the nothingness that wonderland is, and her final realization of her freedom at its conclusion mark Alice as a true existential hero and proves that Alice can be read by adults as an existential novel, one which provides a drastically different interpretation than simply an appreciation of the development of a child.Throughout the course of Alice, several instances and situations she comes across during her journey illustrate her continued and failed attempts to force meaning on the absurd world of wonderland. From the instant she falls into the rabbit hole, which marks the beginning of her journey, Alice immediately begins to try to use reason to understand and give meaning to her long fall. For example, Alice begins by stating to herself, â€Å"â€Å"I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time? [ . . . ] I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down [ . . . ] but then I wonder what latitude of longitude I’ve got to?†Ã¢â‚¬ (20). This statement marks Alice’s initial attempt to make sense of her fall, even though she is endlessly falling into a rabbit hole—something that obviously does not make any sense to begin with. As Gordon E. Bigelow states in his article, â€Å"A Primer of Existentialism,† â€Å"Reason is impotent to deal with the depths of human life,†(172), and Alice’s use of reason, namely her attempt to use latitude and longitude to â€Å"measure† her fall, prove her failure to recognize this fact as she falls (quite literally) further and further into the depths of wonderland. This failure of reasoning only marks the beginning of Alice’s attempts to impose meaning and rationality on wonderland and is also a main characteristic in marking her as an existential hero.As Alice finally finishes her descent into wonderland and continues on her journey, she makes her initial recognition that wonderland is, indeed, much different from her â€Å"above-ground† world, but Carroll’s juxtaposition of this recognition with Alice’s application of above-ground rules and logic to a world that clearly does not have any also helps in demonstrating Alice’s continued existential journey. For example, after Alice comes across the â€Å"eat me† and â€Å"drink me† food and realizes that she can use it to alter her size, which obviously is a situation she has never encountered above wonderland, she voices her recognition of this confusing world as the narrator states, â€Å"She had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way,† and also through her statement, â€Å" â€Å"Dear, dear! How queer everything is today! [ . . . ] if I’m not the same, the next question is, â€Å"Who in the world am I? †(28). These lines show that Alice has realized that wonderland is not the same as life above ground, yet she still tries to apply her above world logic anyway—something that simply cannot work in an existential novel.Another example of this mistake occurs when Alice begins to get a glimpse of the â€Å"reality† of wonderland’s world of illogic and lack of meaning, but immediately reverts to using the meanings that she does know, saying, â€Å" â€Å"I’ll try if I know all the things I used to know. Let me see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen [ . . . ] Paris is the capital of Rome [ . . . ] no, that’s all wrong, I’m certain!†Ã¢â‚¬ (28). The fact that Alice cannot even recite true facts illustrates the uselessness of above ground â€Å"truth† in wonderland, and the fact that her recitation of â€Å"meaningful† facts do nothing to help her allude to the fact that Alice is indeed battling against a world that in itself is meaningless. Though these instances are, as Greer contests in her article, amusing, and can simultaneously provide adult readers with a shared innocence and laughter at Alice’s child-like reactions to her experiences, at the same time, these innocent reactions are so prevalent throughout the novel that they can and must be interpreted as something more, specifically as the continuous construction of Alice as an existential hero through her inability to recognize her own reality and the meaninglessness of wonderland, and her continued attempt to battle through its absurd world.Another aspect of wonderland that Alice is unable to find meaning in is the actual words spoken by the inhabitants, as Alice attempts to interpret them by her above ground understanding. This lack of understanding of the inhabitants of wonderland also show Alice’s isolation from them, which is, according to Bigelow, another major characteristic of an existential hero—alienation from the world and also those in it. For example, after Alice and a variety of woodland animals get soaked by her tears, a mouse apparently discovers an ingenious way to get dry, shouting, â€Å"I’ll make you dry enough!†(34), and immediately begins to quote a story out of a history textbook, which he believes is the driest thing he knows. Alice, obviously confused by the mouse’s different interpretation of the word â€Å"dry† states, â€Å"but it doesn’t seem dry to me at all!†(34). Through this situation, Alice demonstrates her inability to understand the lexical ambiguity in the word â€Å"dry,† and attempts to understand the word the only way she knows how to. This failed interpretation of meaning not only shows the meaninglessness of Alice’s preconceived logic, but it also frustrates and angers the mouse, and thus highlights Alice’s alienation from those around her.Another example of Aliceâ₠¬â„¢s failure to correctly understand the vocabulary used in wonderland occurs when the mouse says to her, â€Å"â€Å"Mine is a long and sad tale†Ã¢â‚¬ (37). Alice replies, â€Å"It is a long tail, certainly [looking down with wonder at the Mouse’s tail] â€Å"but why do you call it long?†Ã¢â‚¬ (37). It is at this point where the Mouse becomes infuriated with Alice’s misunderstanding, and claims that she â€Å"insults him for talking such nonsense†(38). Though Alice claims she did not mean it, she is once again isolated from a character in wonderland, and simultaneously a victim of her inability to apply her above ground meanings to wonderland—she can’t even understand the language that she thinks she knows, which only leads to further confusion and isolation.Another major part of Alice that characterizes it as an existential novel is the variety of chaotic and absurd behaviors that the creatures of wonderland demonstrate, and Al ice’s judgment of these creatures and their actions on a rational objective basis, rather than through simply accepting wonderland’s absurdity. For example, as Alice is having a conversation with the Frog-Footman, out of nowhere, a large plate comes hurtling through the air, barely missing his head. However, due to the irrationality that characterizes wonderland, the Frog-Footman is obviously accustomed to the insane happenings, and he continues speaking â€Å"exactly as if nothing had happened†(60). Alice, on the other hand, becomes increasingly frustrated by the Frog-Footman’s ridiculous actions and words and instead tries to force some kind of rational order onto the crazy happenings by dismissing the Frog not as a creature whose actions fit his world, but as â€Å"perfectly idiotic†(60).Alice’s inability to recognize the absurd world she is now a part of and futilely apply her rational logic to it also is demonstrated in the same scene w hen Alice comes across the Duchess who is singing, â€Å"Speak roughly to your little boy, and beat him when he sneezes: he only does it to annoy, because he knows it teases†(62). Then, as the Duchess throws the child to Alice, it morphs into a pig. But Alice, still bound by her rational thought, â€Å"felt it would be quite absurd for her to carry [the pig] any further†(64). Later on, Alice also tries to find meaning in the Duchess’s absurd actions stating, â€Å"Maybe it’s the pepper that makes people hot tempered†(80). This line continues to show Alice’s inability to accept the irrationality in wonderland and her attempt to mind meaning in it, and also sparks anger in the Duchess, who is yet another character Alice becomes isolated from as well.Alice’s encounter with the Cheshire Cat provides readers with a vocalized statement of the reality of wonderland, and yet still, Alice refuses to see and accept it and continues to search f or meaning anyway. For example, Alice states to the Cheshire Cat, â€Å"I don’t want to go among mad people,† and the Cat cunningly replies, â€Å"Oh, you can’t help that . . . we’re all mad here. I’m mad. You’re mad†(65). This quote from the Cheshire Cat is a blatant statement of what wonderland consists of and gives Alice a glimpse of the meaning that she had been attempting to seek in wonderland so far, yet she still cannot grasp it at this point. This inability to grasp the Cat’s meaning is also stated in the line following his insight as the narrator says, â€Å"Alice didn’t think that proved it at all: however she went on[ . . . ]†(65). This line refers to Alice’s continued effort to speak to the cat and find meaning in his words, but it can also be understood as a representation of Alice’s inability to recognize wonderland’s absurdity as vocalized by the cat and her continued effort to â€Å"go on† through wonderland on her quest for meaning. The conclusion of Alice, and especially her experience in the garden, highlight her eventual realization of its reality and the freedom she has to act, which is a necessary component in an existential work. For example, upon Alice’s arrival into the garden she is threatened by animate cards during her croquet game and says, â€Å"They’re only cards and I needn’t be afraid of them!†(79). This line demonstrates that Alice is becoming increasingly close of the freedom that she possesses in a land of meaninglessness, but the fact that Alice only mutters this revelation to herself also shows that she still has not yet grasped the implications of a realization like this—that she holds the ultimate freedom in wonderland and can, if she chooses to, wake up and instantly end its absurdity.As the novel continues, so does Alice’s knowledge of wonderland’s meaninglessness and the power that she holds over its inhabitants because of it. For instance, as the Queen shouts yet another meaningless threat of â€Å"Off with her head!† to Alice, she replies â€Å" â€Å"Nonsense!† very loudly and decidedly†Ã¢â‚¬ (82). After this surprising moment of defiance, the Queen remains uncharacteristically silent and must be comforted by the King who says, â€Å"Consider my dear, she is only a child†(82). However, just when it appears as if Alice is realizing that wonderland means nothing and she indeed has the power to be rude to the Queen, she once again illustrates her ultimate failure through the lines, â€Å"Alice began to feel uneasy[ . . .] â€Å"What would become of me?†Ã¢â‚¬ (83). Once again, Alice becomes afraid of what will happen to her for being rude to the Queen—she can’t see that she is the person who holds the ultimate power. This statement of anxiety is also another major characteristic of existentialism. A ccording to Bigelow’s article, each of us must make moral decisions in our own lives which involve the same anguish. [ . . . ] decisions have to be made in fear and trembling[ . . . ] sometimes one must make an exception to the general law because he is (existentially) an exception, a concrete being whose existence can never be completely subsumed under any universal (176).This line helps to demonstrate that Alice’s brief recognition but immediate reversion from it through her statement of her fear illustrates that she has not quite reached the point of her final realization of her freedom, but also shows that her anxiety is a natural part of the existential â€Å"process† that she has been going through that will eventually lead to her statement of her own freedom. Through the Knave of Hearts’s meaningless trial that marks the conclusion of the novel, Alice is finally able to have, in Bigelow’s words, â€Å"The encounter with nothingness ,†(176), and directly following it, is also able to realize the freedom that she possesses—a final mark of an existential hero. Though the creatures of wonderland take the Knave of Hearts’s trial very seriously, it is obvious that the trial itself has no meaning because the world that it takes place in is devoid of meaning as well. At first, Alice is excited to take part in the trialher lack of understanding at this point still leads her to believe that it is something of extreme importance. Alice also demonstrates her application of her above world meanings to the trial as she is â€Å"pleased to find she knew the name of nearly everything there†(103), and also takes her position very seriously when she learns she has to â€Å"testify.† However, through the course of the trial, Alice becomes increasingly aware of the meaninglessness in it, and in wonderland itself. Alice’s first step in her realization that the trial is meaningless occurs wh en the Gryphon says to Alice, â€Å"They’re putting down their names [ . . . ] for fear they should forget them before the end of the trial†(104). Alice immediately replies, â€Å"Stupid things!†(104), showing her recognition that the jurors are indeed absurd, and upon looking at the jurors’ notepads, she is confirmed as she notices not one of them can even spell correctly.This initial growth in knowledge also sparks Alice’s physical growth as well, and as the trial continues and Alice realizes the nonsense that she is being exposed to, both her intellectual and physical growth increase. For example, as Alice is testifying, the King and the White Rabbit quarrel about the correct term to write down, which, obviously, show the irrationality that encompasses the trial. At this moment, Alice notices that the jurymen are also all writing down different words. She then says to herself, â€Å"but it doesn’t matter a bit†(112). This line can be interpreted as Alice’s realization of the meaninglessness of the trial, but also, as her physical growth, paralleling her intellectual growth, is now â€Å"two miles high†(112), this line can also allude to the fact that Alice is on the verge of her â€Å"encounter with nothingness.†The culmination of Alice’s physical and intellectual growth through the trial and her final realization that wonderland has no meaning occurs when the members of the court are once again quarreling over nonsensical information and Alice says, â€Å"If any one of them can explain it,†(she had grown so large in the last few minutes that she wasn’t a bit afraid of interrupting the king), â€Å"I’ll give him sixpence. I don’t believe there’s an atom of meaning in it†(114). This line of Alice’s realization of the meaningless truly marks her journey as existential. Throughout the course of the novel she had desperately tried to for ce meaning into a world of meaninglessness, and in the end, she finally reached an epiphany that she had not necessarily set out to look for. The King’s next line also verbalizes Alice’s failed mission thus far as he says, â€Å"If there’s no meaning in it, [ . . . ] that saves a world of trouble, you know, as we needn’t try to find any†(114). This line also serves in â€Å"summing up† Alice’s long journey to find meaning in a world without any, as well as her eventual â€Å"encounter with nothingness,† that leads to her final act of the novel—an act of freedom.Throughout the course of Alice, and consequently the course of this essay, the focus has largely been on Alice’s thought process and her constant attempts to put everything she came across in terms of an objective reality that she knew. However, her final act at the end of the novel proves the freedom that she possesses and also simultaneously serves in ma rking the end of Alice’s existential journey. As Alice continues to argue with the King and Queen during the trial, the Queen shouts (again), â€Å"Off with your head!†(116), only this time around, Alice screams back, â€Å"Who cares for you? (she had grown to full size by this time). â€Å"You’re nothing but a pack of cards!(116). At that instant, the cards appear to â€Å"explode† around her and Alice wakes up. This final defiant shout and act of waking up is Alice’s ultimate act of free will in a land of nothingness. According to Bigelow, â€Å"each man must accept individual responsibility for his own becoming,†(177), and by Alice’s choice to defy the nonsense that the characters and wonderland itself threw at her provide the major act that marks her as the novel’s existential hero. Bigelow also states, â€Å"A man is the sum total of the acts that make up his life—no more, no less—and though the coward h as made himself cowardly, it is also possible for him to change and make himself heroic†(177), and by Alice making her final act to speak out against the absurdity and meaninglessness that wonderland was composed of, and wake up from her dream, she truly proved that she was the sum of her actions. She realized that wonderland had no meaning and consequently that she could not force rationality on it, and she recognized and acted on the free will that all existential heroes possess.Though Jennifer Geer is indisputably true in her conviction that children who read Alice can learn from her development and can become enriched in their own development from childhood to adolescence and on, at the same time, Alice’s continued quest to find meaning in wonderland, and the fact that she remained unaware of her futility until the very end also parallels Alice’s adult readers â€Å"above-ground.† Alice leaves wonderland taking no meaning from it, having only learned t hat the land itself had no meaning to begin with. The fact that the novel ends with Alice leaving for tea and â€Å"thinking while she ran, as well she might, what a wonderful dream it had been†(117), puts an entertaining and childish spin on the fact that wonderland actually was not a â€Å"wonderful† dream at all, but in reality was a nightmare in which Alice could only escape by her realization that it was absurd and meaningless and through her ability to act on her free will and reject it. Alice was simply a girl, but the complex existential quest she was on, in the end, is really something only an experienced adult can relate to, even if the journey did indeed take place at the heart of a children’s novel. Works CitedBigelow, Gordon. â€Å"A Primer of Existentialism.† College English. December, 1961: 171- 178.Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. New York: Signet Classic, 2000.Geer, Jennifer, â€Å"â€Å"All sorts of p itfalls and surprises’: Competing Views of Idealized Girlhood in Lewis Carroll’s Alice Books.† Children’s Literature. 31 (2003): 1-24. Project MUSE. 23 March 2008. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/childrensliterature/v031/31.1geer.html